What does a pilot need to know about the airplane?
INTRODUCTION:
pilot should have a good idea what makes his airplane get up in the air and keep flying - basically, the airplane systems and aerodynamics.
1/What is Aerodynamics?
Aerodynamics is concerned with how the motion of air or other gaseous fluid interacts with a moving object defines aerodynamics as "the science that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids and with the forces acting on bodies when the bodies move through such fluids or when such fluids move against or around the bodies".
2/The airplane systems!
the airplane have the four forces of light about:
There are four basic aerodynamic forces in effect on any moving aircraft. These four forces of flight are weight, lift, drag and thrust (NASA, 2008b 3). Thrust and drag are opposing forces and lift and weight are opposing forces. The amount of each force applied in comparison to the opposing force determines how an aircraft moves through the air.
- If the amount of drag acting on an airplane increases while thrust stays constant then the airplane will decelerate
- If the amount of thrust acting on an airplane is greater than the amount of drag then the airplane will move forward or accelerate
- If the amount of lift decreases below the weight of an airplane then the airplane will descend
- If the amount of lift applied is greater than the airplane's weight then the airplane will climb
Weight
Weight is the natural downward force acting on an aircraft that is generated by gravity or "g force" that pulls objects to the earth's surface. Weight is a function of the amount of gravity multiplied by an object's mass (NASA, 2008b 3). The mass of an aircraft consists of the weight of the aircraft in addition to the weight of passengers, crew, baggage and cargo. For example, a Boeing 747 aircraft has a maximum take-off weight of 394, 625 kilograms (Brian & Adkins, 2009 1). This weight must be counteracted by lift to achieve flight.
Lift
Lift is the upward push force that is required to hold an aircraft in the air, mostly generated by the wings of an airplane (NASA, 2008b 3). A helicopter's lift is achieved by the motion of curved rotor blades through the air that move the helicopter upward. A hot air balloon achieves lift because the hot air inside the balloon is lighter than the heavier air around it causing the hot air to rise and carry the aircraft with it (NASA, 2008b 3).
Drag
Drag or air resistance is an aerodynamic force that resists or pulls back on the movement of an aircraft through air by acting opposite to the direction of movement (Wikipedia, 2009b 5). As an aircraft moves, air molecules are pushed aside. Drag is the result of resistance from these air molecules (NASA, 2008b 3). Drag must be counteracted by propulsion or thrust to maintain forward motion.
The amount of drag created by an aircraft depends on the size and shape of the aircraft, velocity of the aircraft and density of the air. Drag decreases as an aircraft slows down. Similarly, retracting landing gear after take-off reduces the size of an airplane and therefore reduces drag.
Thrust
Thrust is a forward force or push force required to overcome the opposite drag force and move an aircraft forward. More thrust than drag must be created to keep an aircraft moving forward (NASA, 2008b 3).
Airplanes create thrust using propellers and jet engines. A glider on the other hand does not have thrust. A glider can only fly until drag causes the aircraft to slow down and land (NASA, 2008b 3).
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